Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 16

Daivāsura Sampad Vibhāga Yoga — The Yoga of the Division Between the Divine and the Demoniacal

Chapter 16 opens mid-discourse with Krishna cataloguing roughly two dozen "divine" qualities across three verses, then compressing the "demonic" nature into a single terse verse of six traits — an asymmetry that runs through the chapter. Verses 6-20 stay almost entirely with the demonic type: nihilistic, godless cosmology, insatiable desire and unjust ambition, self-deifying egoism, and the consequence — repeated rebirth into demonic wombs and a fall into hell. Verse 21 delivers the practical hinge — lust, anger, and greed as the "triple gate of hell" to be renounced — and the chapter closes by making scripture the explicit authority for right action, a note Chapter 17 immediately complicates.

16.1

Fearlessness, cleanness of life, steadfastness in the Yoga of wisdom, almsgiving, self-restraint and sacrifice and study of the Scriptures, austerity and straightforwardness,

divine-qualitiesvirtue-catalog
16.2

Harmlessness, truth, absence of wrath, renunciation, peacefulness, absence of crookedness, compassion to living beings, uncovetousness, mildness, modesty, absence of fickleness,

ahimsa-and-satyavirtue-catalog
16.3

Vigour, forgiveness, fortitude, purity, absence of envy and pride—these are his who is born with the divine properties, O Bhârata.

sampad-as-inheritancedivine-qualities
16.4

Hypocrisy, arrogance and conceit, wrath and also harshness and unwisdom are his who is born, O Pârtha, with demoniacal properties.

demonic-qualitiesasymmetric-catalog
16.5

The divine properties are deemed to be for liberation, the demoniacal for bondage. Grieve not, thou art born with divine properties, O Pândava.

liberation-and-bondagearjuna-reassured
16.6

Twofold is the animal creation in this world, the divine and the demoniacal: the divine hath been described at length: hear from Me, O Pârtha, the demoniacal.

twofold-creationchapter-structure
16.7

Demoniacal men know neither right energy nor right abstinence; nor purity, nor even propriety, nor truth is in them.

pravritti-nivrittidemonic-psychology
16.8

"The universe is without truth, without basis," they say, "without a God; brought about by mutual union, and caused by lust and nothing else."

materialist-worldviewgodless-cosmos
16.9

Holding this view, these ruined selves of small understanding, of fierce deeds, come forth as enemies for the destruction of the world.

nihilistic-harmsource-variant
16.10

Surrendering themselves to insatiable desires, possessed with vanity, conceit and arrogance, holding evil ideas through delusion, they engage in action with impure resolves.

insatiable-desiredelusion
16.11

Giving themselves over to unmeasured thought whose end is death, regarding the gratification of desires as the highest, feeling sure that this is all,

hedonismdeath-denial
16.12

Held in bondage by a hundred ties of expectation, given over to lust and anger, they strive to obtain by unlawful means hoards of wealth for sensual enjoyments.

unjust-wealthbondage-of-hope
16.13

"This to-day by me hath been won, that purpose I shall gain; this wealth is mine already, and also this shall be mine in future.

interior-monologueacquisitiveness
16.14

"I have slain this enemy, and others also I shall slay. I am the Lord, I am the enjoyer, I am perfect, powerful, happy;

self-deificationegoism
16.15

"I am wealthy, well-born; what other is there that is like unto me? I will sacrifice, I will give alms, I will rejoice." Thus deluded by unwisdom,

hollow-vowsmonologue-conclusion
16.16

Bewildered by numerous thoughts, enmeshed in the web of delusion, addicted to the gratification of desire, they fall downwards into a foul hell.

hell-and-delusionsense-addiction
16.17

Self-glorifying, stubborn, filled with the pride and intoxication of wealth, they perform lip-sacrifices for ostentation, contrary to scriptural ordinance.

ostentatious-ritualform-without-substance
16.18

Given over to egoism, power, insolence, lust and wrath, these malicious ones hate Me in the bodies of others and in their own.

immanence-and-hatredmalice-toward-others
16.19

These haters, evil, pitiless, vilest among men in the world, I ever throw down into demoniacal wombs.

rebirth-as-punishmentdemoniacal-wombs
16.20

Cast into demoniacal wombs, deluded birth after birth, attaining not to Me, O Kaunteya, they sink into the lowest depths.

cyclical-degradationlowest-state
16.21

Triple is the gate of this hell, destructive of the self—lust, wrath, and greed; therefore let man renounce these three.

triple-gate-of-hellpractical-ethics
16.22

A man liberated from these three gates of darkness, O son of Kunti, accomplisheth his own welfare, and thus reacheth the highest goal.

liberation-as-subtractionself-welfare
16.23

He who, having cast aside the ordinances of the Scriptures, followeth the promptings of desire, attaineth not to perfection, nor happiness, nor the highest goal.

scripture-as-authoritydesire-driven-action
16.24

Therefore let the Scriptures be thy authority, in determining what ought to be done, or what ought not to be done. Knowing what hath been declared by the ordinances of the Scriptures, thou oughtest to work in this world.

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