18.44

Sanskrit

कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम् । परिचर्यात्मकं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम् ॥ ४४ ॥

kṛṣi-gaurakṣya-vāṇijyaṃ vaiśya-karma svabhāvajam paricaryātmakaṃ karma śūdrasyāpi svabhāvajam

Translation

Ploughing, protection of kine, and trade are the Vaishya duty, born of his own nature. Action of the nature of service is the Shûdra duty, born of his own nature.

Annie Besant · The Bhagavad-Gita, translated by Annie Besant (4th ed., 1922) — Wikisource · Public Domain

Explanation

Vaishya duty — farming, cattle-keeping, trade — and Shudra duty — service — are dispatched together in a single verse, half a line each, a real asymmetry of attention next to the fuller Brahmana and Kshatriya treatments in 42-43. The text offers no explanation or apology for that imbalance; the effect is a hierarchy expressed in the space given to each varna as much as in the content assigned to it.